INTRODUCTION: The importance of functional right ventricular failure and resultant splanchnic venous congestion has long been under-appreciated and is difficult to assess by traditional physical examination and standard diagnostic imaging. … Continue reading CLINICAL APPLICATIONS OF THE VENOUS EXCESS ULTRASOUND (VEXUS) SCORE
Tag: health
ANAESTHESIA FOR CAROTID ENDARTERECTOMY
INTRODUCTION: Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is a prophylactic operation. It is performed in patients who are at risk of stroke from emboli arising from atheromatous plaque at the carotid bifurcation. The … Continue reading ANAESTHESIA FOR CAROTID ENDARTERECTOMY
PREGNANCY AND MITRAL STENOSIS
1. Why does pregnancy aggravate the symptoms of mitral stenosis? Women with severe mitral stenosis often do not tolerate the cardiovascular demands of pregnancy because 1. Increase in blood volume … Continue reading PREGNANCY AND MITRAL STENOSIS
ANAESTHESIA FOR CAESAREAN SECTION IN PATIENTS WITH CARDIAC DISEASE – PART 6
ANESTHESIA FOR CESAREAN DELIVERY FOR CARDIAC PATIENTS: • Patients with mWHO class I or II cardiac disease typically tolerate a traditional intrathecal dose of local anesthesia (eg, hyperbaric bupivacaine 10–15 … Continue reading ANAESTHESIA FOR CAESAREAN SECTION IN PATIENTS WITH CARDIAC DISEASE – PART 6
ANAESTHESIA FOR CAESAREAN SECTION IN PATIENTS WITH CARDIAC DISEASE – PART 5
5. MATERNAL ARRHYTHMIAS DURING PREGNANCY: Management of arrhythmias during pregnancy is similar to that in the non-pregnant patient. Congenital heart block and bradyarythmias If congenital heart block is recognized in … Continue reading ANAESTHESIA FOR CAESAREAN SECTION IN PATIENTS WITH CARDIAC DISEASE – PART 5
ANAESTHESIA FOR CAESAREAN SECTION IN PATIENTS WITH CARDIAC DISEASE – PART 4
3. PRIMARY PULMONARY HYPERTENSION: Anaesthetic management is similar to that of the Eisenmenger syndrome. Elective caesarean section is the preferred method of delivery. Both regional and general anaesthesia can be … Continue reading ANAESTHESIA FOR CAESAREAN SECTION IN PATIENTS WITH CARDIAC DISEASE – PART 4
ANAESTHESIA FOR CAESAREAN SECTION IN PATIENTS WITH CARDIAC DISEASE – PART 3
iii) AORTIC STENOSIS: Anaesthetic management in AS is to avoid tachycardia, and bradycardia, maintain intravascular volume and venous return, avoid aortocaval compression, and myocardial depression, maintain a normal heart rate … Continue reading ANAESTHESIA FOR CAESAREAN SECTION IN PATIENTS WITH CARDIAC DISEASE – PART 3
ANAESTHESIA FOR CAESAREAN SECTION IN PATIENTS WITH CARDIAC DISEASE – PART 2
2. VALVULAR HEART DISEASE i) MITRAL STENOSIS: Anaesthetic considerations are to maintain a slow heart rate, venous return and SVR, avoid aorto-caval compression, treat atrial fibrillation (AF) aggressively, try and … Continue reading ANAESTHESIA FOR CAESAREAN SECTION IN PATIENTS WITH CARDIAC DISEASE – PART 2
ANAESTHESIA FOR CAESAREAN SECTION IN PATIENTS WITH CARDIAC DISEASE – PART I
1. CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE (CHD) Atrial septal / ventricular septal defects in pregnancy are often well tolerated during pregnancy. When anaesthetizing patients with CHD, using either a regional technique or … Continue reading ANAESTHESIA FOR CAESAREAN SECTION IN PATIENTS WITH CARDIAC DISEASE – PART I
ANESTHESIA FOR PATIENTS WITH RENAL DISEASE
I. ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY 1. What are the significant risk factors of perioperative renal failure? Acute kidney injury (AKI) occurs in about 1% of patients undergoing general surgery procedures. An … Continue reading ANESTHESIA FOR PATIENTS WITH RENAL DISEASE