1. What is the importance of age, gender, residence and socioeconomic status in thyroid disorders Age factor: Young age Deficiency goiter Dyshormonogenetic Papillary carcinoma Middle age Solitary nodular Multinodular Colloid … Continue reading Thyroid Case Discussion
Month: September 2021
UNILATERAL SPINAL ANESTHESIA
UNILATERAL SPINAL ANESTHESIA It is necessary to introduce the local anesthetic in the right place, to avoid mixing and diluting it in the CSF, administered at a volume and concentration … Continue reading UNILATERAL SPINAL ANESTHESIA
Know your Vasopressors and Inotropes – MANAGEMENT OF SHOCK – (Part 9)
Manifestation of type of shocks: Hypovolemic Cardiogenic Distributive Symptoms Overt blood or other fluid loss Those of acute cardiovascular disease Those of infection, Inflammations, Intoxication, or other Signs Cool, … Continue reading Know your Vasopressors and Inotropes – MANAGEMENT OF SHOCK – (Part 9)
Know your Vasopressors and Inotropes – Metaraminol & Ephedrine (Part 8)
Metaraminol It is an old weak direct and indirect sympathomimetic with only one redeeming feature, that being its low potency and the relative safety this confers upon its peripheral administration. … Continue reading Know your Vasopressors and Inotropes – Metaraminol & Ephedrine (Part 8)
Know your Vasopressors and Inotropes – LEVOSIMENDAN (Part 7)
Levosimendan is an inotrope and vasodilator with a unique mechanism of action (it acts as a “calcium sensitiser” by stabilising calcium-bound troponin C) and an unusually long duration of action … Continue reading Know your Vasopressors and Inotropes – LEVOSIMENDAN (Part 7)
Know your Vasopressors and Inotropes – Vasopressin (Part 6)
Vasopressin produces similar hemodynamic effects as phenylephrine, but V1aR activation may produce vasoconstriction even during acidemia, when A1R agonism becomes less effective. Low, fixed vasopressin doses (0.03-0.04 U/min) can be … Continue reading Know your Vasopressors and Inotropes – Vasopressin (Part 6)
Know your Vasopressors and Inotropes – DOPAMINE & PHENYLEPHRINE (Part 5)
DOPAMINE Pharmacologic doses of dopamine activate dopaminergic receptors and exert AR agonist effects via direct activation of B1R and indirect increases in A1R signaling. Dopaminergic receptors produce vasodilation in the … Continue reading Know your Vasopressors and Inotropes – DOPAMINE & PHENYLEPHRINE (Part 5)
Know your Vasopressors and Inotropes – Milrinone (Part 4)
Milrinone augments downstream B1R/B2R signaling by inhibiting phosphodiesterase 3 (PDE3), mimicking B1R/B2R activation. Milrinone produces prominent pulmonary and systemic vasodilation, significantly lowering both SVR and pulmonary vascular resistance. Patients with … Continue reading Know your Vasopressors and Inotropes – Milrinone (Part 4)